Bio of Robert Goddard, American Rocket Scientist

Robert Hutchings Goddard (October 5, 1882–August 10, 1945) was an influential American rocket scientist whose work shaped the history of space exploration. Yet, as far-reaching as Goddards work became, it was not acknowledged as important by the government or military for much of his life. Nevertheless, Goddard persevered, and today all rocket technologies owe him an intellectual debt. Fast Facts: Robert H. Goddard Full Name: Robert Hutchings GoddardOccupation: Engineer and rocket developerBorn: October 5, 1882 in Worcester, Massachusetts, USAParents Names: Nahum Goddard, Fannie L. HoytDied: August 10, 1945 in Worcester, Massachusetts, USAEducation: Worcester Polytechnic Institute (B.S. Physics, 1908). Clark University (M.A. and Ph.D. Physics, 1911).Key Achievements: First successful rocket launch on American soil in 1926 in Worcester, MA.  Key Publications: A Method of Reaching Extreme Altitudes (1919)Spouses Name: Esther Christine KiskResearch Area: Rocket propulsion and engineering Early Life Robert Goddard was born in Worcester, Massachusetts, on October 5, 1882, to farmer Nahum Goddard and Fannie Louise Hoyt. He was sickly as a child, but had a telescope and often spent time studying the sky. He eventually became interested in science, particularly the mechanics of flight. His discovery of Smithsonian magazine and articles by flight expert Samuel Pierpont Langley ignited a lifelong interest in aerodynamics. As an undergraduate, Goddard attended Worcester Polytechnic Institute, where he studied physics. He earned his physics Ph.D. at Clark University in 1911, then took a research fellowship at Princeton University the following year. He ultimately joined the faculty at Clark University as a professor of aerospace engineering and physics, a post he held much of his life. Research With Rockets Robert Goddard began writing about rockets while he was still an undergraduate. After getting his Ph.D., he focused on studying the atmosphere using rockets to lift instruments high enough to take temperature and pressure readings. His desire to study the upper atmosphere drove him to experiment with rockets as a possible delivery technology. Goddard had a hard time getting funding to pursue the work, but he eventually persuaded the Smithsonian Institution to support his research. In 1919, he wrote his first major treatise (published by the Smithsonian) called A Method of Reaching Extreme Altitudes, outlining the challenges of lifting mass high to the atmosphere and exploring how rockets could solve the problems of high-altitude studies.   Dr. Robert H. Goddard and His Rockets. NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (NASA-MSFC) Goddard experimented with a number of different rocket configurations and fuel loads, beginning with solid-rocket propellant fuel mixes in 1915. Eventually, he switched to liquid fuels, which required a redesign of the rockets he was using. He had to engineer fuel tanks, turbines, and combustion chambers that hadnt been fashioned for this kind of work. On March 16, 1926, Goddards first rocket soared up from a hill near Worcester, MA, on a 2.5-second flight that went up just over 12 meters.   That gasoline-powered rocket led to further developments in rocket flight. Goddard began working on newer and more powerful designs using bigger rockets. He had to solve problems controlling the angle and attitude of rocket flight, and also had to engineer rocket nozzles that would help to create greater thrust for the vehicle. Goddard also worked on a gyroscope system to control the stability of the rocket and devised a payload compartment to carry scientific instruments. Eventually, he created a parachute recovery system to return the rockets and payload safely to the ground. He also patented the multi-stage rocket in common use today. His 1919 paper, plus his other investigations into rocket design, are considered classics in the field. Dr. Goddard at his Launch Control Shack. NASA Headquarters - GReatest Images of NASA (NASA-HQ-GRIN) Goddard and the Press Although Goddards groundbreaking work garnered scientific interest, his early experiments were criticized by the press as being too fanciful. Notably, however, much of this press coverage contained scientific inaccuracies. The most famous example appeared on January 20, 1920, in The New York Times. The article mocked Goddards predictions that rockets might someday be able to circle the Moon and transport humans and instruments to other worlds. The Times retracted the article 49 years later. The retraction was published on July 16, 1969—the day after three astronauts landed on the Moon: Further investigation and experimentation have confirmed the findings of Isaac Newton in the 17th Century and it is now definitely established that a rocket can function in a vacuum as well as in an atmosphere. The Times regrets the error. Later Career Goddard continued his work on rockets throughout the 1920s and 30s, still fighting for recognition of the potential of his work by the U.S. government. Eventually, he moved his operations to Roswell, NM, and with financial backing from the Guggenheim family, he was able to carry out more rocket research. In 1942, Goddard and his team moved to Annapolis, Maryland, to work on jet-assisted take-off (JATO) technology.  He continually refined his designs throughout World War II, although not sharing his work with other scientists. Goddard preferred secrecy due to his concerns about patent infringement and intellectual property theft. (He repeatedly offered his services and technology, only to be rebuffed by the military and government.) Near the end of World War II and not long before his death, Goddard had a chance to see a captured German V-2 rocket and realized just how much the Germans had copied his work, despite the patents he had gained.   Death and Legacy Throughout his life, Robert H. Goddard remained on the research faculty at Clark University. After World War II, he  joined the American Rocket Society and its board of directors. However, his health was deteriorating, and he died on August 10, 1945. He was buried in Worcester, Massachusetts. Goddards wife, Esther Christine Kisk, gathered his papers after his death and worked on securing patents after Goddards death. Many of Goddards original papers containing his seminal work on rockets can be seen of the Smithsonian Institution Archives. Goddards influence and impact continue to be felt throughout our current space exploration efforts, plus those in the future. Honors Robert H. Goddard may not have been honored fully during his lifetime, but his legacy lives on in many places. NASAs Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) is named after him, as are several schools across the U.S. He amassed 214 patents for his work during his lifetime, with 131 being awarded after he died. There are streets and a park that bear his name, and the Blue Origin makers have named a reusable launch vehicle for him. Sources â€Å"Robert Hutchings Goddard Biographical Note. Archives and Special Collections, Clark University. www2.clarku.edu/research/archives/goddard/bio_note.cfm.Garner, Rob. â€Å"Dr. Robert H. Goddard, American Rocketry Pioneer.† NASA, NASA, 11 Feb. 2015,www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/about/history/dr_goddard.html.Lemelson-MIT Program.† Edmund Cartwright | Lemelson-MIT Program, lemelson.mit.edu/resources/robert-h-goddard.Petersen, Carolyn Collins. Space Exploration: Past, Present, Future. Amberley, 2017.Sean M. â€Å"March 1920 - ‘Report Concerning Further Developments’ in Space Travel.† Smithsonian Institution Archives, Smithsonian Institution, 17 Sept. 2012, siarchives.si.edu/history/featured-topics/stories/march-1920-report-concerning-further-developments-space-travel.

Essay on Art Shows the Viewpoint of the Artist - 918 Words

Art is a form of expression that can be conveyed by people in several different ways. Paintings, sculptures, and drawings are only a few types of art that have been around for hundred years, and that have been conveying with human emotions. In the past, famous artists, such as Leonardo Da Vinci, Caravaggio, and Michelangelo, were mostly known by individuals who had the resources to travel and visit their work. In many ways, art was, and is, seen as a form to demonstrate class superiority in society. In today’s world however, with the help of the internet, it is much easier, and faster for everyone to comprehend what it is like to view a famous artist’s collection of art. In â€Å"Ways of Seeing† John Berger points out how reproductions affect†¦show more content†¦The mass spread of reproduction increased the popularity of the Mona Lisa, allowed it to become one of the most famous painting of the world. In addition, the great amount of copies enables the original to increase dramatically in is market value. On the other hand, it restricts the distinctive meaning of the original work. John Berger states in Ways of Seeing that, â€Å"[w]hen the camera reproduces a painting, it destroys its uniqueness of the image. As a result it’s meaning changes. Or, more exactly, its meaning multiplies and fragments into many meanings† (106). This is major downside that reproductions have on original paintings because it alters the creator’s initial meaning for the artwork. Another piece of art that is very well-known, and that has been reproduced for quite some time, is The Creation of Adam by Michelangelo (n. pag). This painting is unique because it is engraved on the rooftops of the Sistine Chapel, Vatican. It is often reproduced in pictures to be displayed as an exposition, or maybe even n other chapels. 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Conceptual framework Free Essays

Put together all the materials that deal with similar topics. This way, you can relate the studies with one another. 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Conceptual framework or any similar topic only for you Order Now From the card catalogue in a library, you will be able to identify a book that is closely related to your study. Go to the shelf and pick out the book you have identified. The materials in this book will have supporting materials in other books on the same shelf. Look at other books located above, below, to the right, and to the left of the book you have picked out. They may contain relevant materials. 4. Refer to the list of references at the end of the book or journal you have found. Those references will give you the needed relevant materials. How do you organize your RL? Cute concept(s) and variables can serve as your heading and subheadings Chitin the write up, you can further organize based on: – chronology – themes Writing skills required n building up the RL C Paraphrasing C Summarizing Ã'Å¡ Managing quotations CA Synthesizing C Citing or documenting sources What is a paraphrase? – restating an authors idea in your own words and style (Plat et al. , 2007) – putting a passage from an author into â€Å"your own words (The Writers Handbook, online) ; restating in your own words the statement of others; a Techniques in paraphrasing 1. Imagine as if you were explaining the original text to someone who doesn’t share the same background with that of the author of the original material. 2. Write the paraphrase the way you loud give that explanation. 3. Simplify the material, but keep its original ideas intact. Sample paraphrase . PDF Summary or prà ©cis – a condensed version of a longer text that represents the original ideas of the writer’s but written in the words of the one writing the summary (Plat et al. , 2007) – a condensation of the original usually one fourth to one third of the length (Tellurium, 2003 in Gonzales et al, no date) How to produce a summary: 1. Read the article to be summarized and be sure you understand it. 2. Outline the article. Note the major points. 4. Always use paraphrase when rating a summary. If you do copy a phrase from the original be sure it is a very important phrase that is necessary and cannot be paraphrased. In this case put â€Å"quotation marks† around the phrase. The features of a 1. Start your summary with a clear identification of the type of work, title, author, and main point in the present tense. Example: In the feature article â€Å"Four Kinds of Reading,† the author, Donald Hall, explains his opinion about different types of reading. 2. Check with your outline and your 3. Never put any of your own ideas, opinions, or interpretations into the marry. This means you have to be very careful of your word choice. 4. Write using â€Å"summarizing language. † Periodically remind your reader that this is a summary by using phrases such as the article sample summary. UDF Quotation – a reproduction of the author’s exact words, spelling and grammar Reminder: Make sure you do not overuse quotations in your paper. Otherwise, your paper is simply a representation of other people’s work. (Plat et al. , 2007) Rules for placing quotations 1. Put quotatio n marks around the quotation. 2. Introduce the quotation or place It in proper context. . Copy quotations exactly as they are written. Synthesizing â€Å"to combine the ideas of more than one source with your own† Synthesis ; Report information from the sources using different phrases and sentences. ; Organize so that readers can immediately see where information from the sources overlap. ; Make sense of the sources and help the reader understand them in greater depth. How to cite Conceptual framework, Papers Conceptual Framework Free Essays Conceptual Framework The basis for conceptualizing the technology of food dehydration process’ inclusion in the high school curriculum and in the vocational course offering is to provide an option window for secondary level students to acquire skills and knowledge aside from the basics taught in the other subjects that can lead to a path to entrepreneurship and income generation. Prior to the revision of the basic secondary curriculum, the focus was preparing students for higher education less in knowledge base which required critical thinking skills rather than occupational learning. Paradigm The paradigm illustrates the conceptual framework of the study and how dehydration technology can be incorporated in the school curriculum and proper application. We will write a custom essay sample on Conceptual Framework or any similar topic only for you Order Now The incorporation in the secondary curriculum and its proper application with the end recipient of the study to be the school and its stakeholders as such opening a pathway to career and lifelong education. By: Engr. Mary Rose Florence S. Cobar, Doctor of Philosophy in Education Thesis title: â€Å"Development of a Source Material in Food Dehydration Craft Technology for the Secondary Schools† THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK In the light of the theories cited in the review of related literature and studies, specially the insights from Via (1979), Smith (1984), and Russel(1974), this study aimed to develop and try-out a prototype dramaproduction-based module for improving students’ oral communication skillsin English. Figure 1, shows the conceptual framework of this study. Via’s(1979), and Smith’s (1984) ideas formed the bases for using drama production as tool in improving students’ oral English skills. Russel’s (1974)â€Å"General Characteristics of Modular Instruction† on the other hand became the guideposts of the researcher in the development of the said module. 8 In the framework, and arrow points to the three process enclosed in a rectangle. Fist among the three was the identification of competencies of effective oral communication. This was important since the module to bedeveloped would be used as a strategy to improve oral communication skills. Second was the development of a module and its validation by experts. Inthe development and validation stage, would go through revision and editingconsidering the suggestions of experts. Lastly, the module would be tried-outfor use by student-respondents and would then be finalized. 9 The output ofthese processes would be the drama production-based module aimed atimproving students’ communication skills in English. How to cite Conceptual Framework, Papers Conceptual Framework Free Essays RELEVANT TO ACCA QUALIFICATION PAPER F7 AND PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES 10 AND 11 The need for and an understanding of a conceptual framework This topic forms most of Section A (and has an influence on Section B) of the syllabus for Paper F7, Financial Reporting. A conceptual framework is important to the understanding of the many principles and concepts that underpin International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and is an often-neglected part of candidates’ studies. Questions from these areas regularly appear in Paper F7 exams – usually as Question 4 – and I often comment in my examiner’s report that they are the least well-answered question in the exam paper; the questions also have a high incidence of candidates not attempting them at all. We will write a custom essay sample on Conceptual Framework or any similar topic only for you Order Now This article is intended to illustrate the relevance and importance of this topic. What is a conceptual framework? In a broad sense a conceptual framework can be seen as an attempt to define the nature and purpose of accounting. A conceptual framework must consider the theoretical and conceptual issues surrounding financial reporting and form a coherent and consistent foundation that will underpin the development of accounting standards. It is not surprising that early writings on this subject were mainly from academics. Conceptual frameworks can apply to many disciplines, but when specifically related to financial reporting, a conceptual framework can be seen as a statement of generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) that form a frame of reference for the evaluation of existing practices and the development of new ones. As the purpose of financial reporting is to provide useful information as a basis for economic decision making, a conceptual framework will form a theoretical basis for determining how transactions should be measured (historical value or current value) and reported – ie how they are presented or communicated to users. Some accountants have questioned whether a conceptual framework is necessary in order to produce reliable financial statements. Past history of standard setting bodies throughout the world tells us it is. In the absence of a conceptual framework, accounting standards were often produced that had serious defects – that is: †¢ they were not consistent with each other particularly in the role of prudence versus accruals/matching †¢ they were also internally inconsistent and often the effect of the transaction on the statement of financial position was considered more important than its effect on income the statement  © 2011 ACCA 2 THE NEED FOR AND AN UNDERSTANDING OF A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OCTOBER 2011 †¢ †¢ †¢ tandards were produced on a ‘fire fighting’ approach, often reacting to a corporate scandal or failure, rather than being proactive in determining best policy. Some standard setting bodies were biased in their composition (ie not fairly representative of all user groups) and this influenced the quality and direction of standards the same theoretical issues were revisited many times in successive standards – for example, does a transaction give rise to an asset (research and development expenditure) or liability (environmental provisions)? It could be argued that the lack of a conceptual framework led to a proliferation of ‘rules-based’ accounting systems whose main objective is that the treatment of all accounting transactions should be dealt with by detailed specific rules or requirements. Such a system is very prescriptive and inflexible, but has the attraction of financial statements being more comparable and consistent. By contrast, the availability of a conceptual framework could lead to ‘principles-based’ system whereby accounting standards are developed from an agreed conceptual basis with specific objectives. This brings us to the International Accounting Standards Board’s (IASB) The Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting (the Framework), which is in essence the IASB’s interpretation of a conceptual framework and in the process of being updated. The main purpose of the Framework is to: †¢ ssist in the development of future IFRS and the review of existing standards by setting out the underlying concepts †¢ promote harmonisation of accounting regulation and standards by reducing the number of permitted alternative accounting treatments †¢ assist the preparers of financial statements in the application of IFRS, which would include dealing with accounting transactions for which there is not (yet) an accounting standard. The Framework is also of value t o auditors, and the users of financial statements, and more generally help interested parties to understand the IASB’s approach to the formulation of an accounting standard. The content of the Framework can be summarised as follows: †¢ Identifying the objective of financial statements †¢ The reporting entity (to be issued) †¢ Identifying the parties that use financial statements †¢ The qualitative characteristics that make financial statements useful †¢ The remaining text of the old Framework dealing with elements of financial statements: assets, liabilities equity income and expenses and  © 2011 ACCA 3 THE NEED FOR AND AN UNDERSTANDING OF A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OCTOBER 2011 hen they should be recognised and a discussion of measurement issues (for example, historic cost, current cost) and the related concept of capital maintenance. The development of the Framework over the years has led to the IASB producing a body of world-class standards that have the following advantages for those companies that adopt them: †¢ IFRS are widely accepted as a set of high-quality and transparent global standards that are intended to achieve consistency and comparability across the world. They have been produced in cooperation with other internationally renowned standard setters, with the aspiration of achieving consensus and global convergence. †¢ Companies that use IFRS and have their financial statements audited in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (ISA) will have an enhanced status and reputation. †¢ The International Organisation of Securities Commissions (IOSCO) recognise IFRS for listing purposes – thus companies that use IFRS need produce only one set of financial statements for any securities listing for countries that are members of IOSCO. This makes it easier and cheaper to raise finance in international markets. †¢ Companies that own foreign subsidiaries will find the process of consolidation simplified if all their subsidiaries use IFRS. †¢ Companies that use IFRS will find their results are more easily compared with those of other companies that use IFRS. This should obviate the need for any reconciliation from local GAAP to IFRS when analysts assess comparative performance. It is not the purpose of this article to go through the detailed content of the Framework; this is well documented in many textbooks. At this point I would stress that it is important to think about what the content of the Framework really means; it is not enough merely to rote learn the principles/definitions. This is because an understanding and application of these topics will be tested in exam questions and it is on these aspects that candidates perform rather poorly. As previously mentioned, this topic is generally examined as Question 4 (worth 15 marks). Typically, the question will identify two or three areas of the Framework and ask for a definition or explanation of them – for example, the definition of assets and liabilities, an explanation of accounting concepts such as substance over form or materiality, or qualitative characteristics such as relevance and reliability. This section will usually be followed by short scenarios intended to test candidates’ understanding and their ability to apply the above knowledge.  © 2011 ACCA 4 THE NEED FOR AND AN UNDERSTANDING OF A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OCTOBER 2011 Here are a few examples of past questions. June 2008 exam (a) The IASB’s Framework for the Preparation and Presentation of Financial Statements requires financial statements to be prepared on the basis that they comply with certain accounting concepts, underlying assumptions and (qualitative) characteristics. Five of these are: †¢ Matching/accruals †¢ Substance over form †¢ Prudence †¢ Comparability †¢ Materiality Required Briefly explain the meaning of each of the above concepts/assumptions. (5 marks) (b) For most entities, applying the appropriate concepts/assumptions in for inventories is an important element in preparing their financial statements. Required Illustrate with an example how each of the concepts/assumptions in (a) may be applied to accounting for inventory. (10 marks) (15 marks) Observations This question illustrates the progression of the topic from Paper F3 to F7. Part (a) is not much more than expected knowledge from F3, however Part (b) progresses this knowledge. It requires the application of each of the concepts, not to just any situation, but specifically to inventory thus illustrating how a single transaction (inventory in this case) can be subject to many different accounting concepts. June 2010 exam (a) An important aspect of the International Accounting Standards Board’s (IASB) Framework for the Preparation and Presentation of Financial Statements is that transactions should be recorded on the basis of their substance over their form. Required Explain why it is important that financial statements should reflect the substance of the underlying transactions and describe the features that may  © 2011 ACCA 5 THE NEED FOR AND AN UNDERSTANDING OF A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OCTOBER 2011 indicate that the substance of a transaction may be different from its legal form. Observations Part (a) is based on the important topic of substance over form. Note the question does not ask for a definition of the concept (this would be more for Paper F3); instead it asks why the concept is important and what features may indicate that the substance of a transaction may be different to its legal form. In other words, how do we identify such transactions? Most answers to this question merely gave a definition of substance and an example (inevitably leasing) of its use in financial statements. Part (b) consisted of a numerical example related to a sale and re-purchase agreement to illustrate the difference that the application of substance has on financial statements (compared to the legal form). June 2011 exam (a) Your assistant has been reading the IASB’s Framework for the Preparation and Presentation of Financial Statements (the Framework) and, as part of the qualitative characteristics of financial statements under the heading of ‘relevance’, he notes that the predictive value of information is considered important. He is aware that financial statements are prepared historically (ie after transactions have occurred) and offers the view that the predictive value of financial statements would be enhanced if forward-looking information (for example, forecasts) were published rather than backward-looking historical statements. Required By the use of specific examples, provide an explanation to your assistant of how IFRS presentation and disclosure requirements can assist the predictive role of historically prepared financial statements. (6 marks) Observations Again Part (a) is themed on the Framework: the important characteristic of relevance. This is such an import characteristic that the Framework says (implicitly) that if information is not relevant, it is of no use. This question focuses on a particular aspect of relevance; that of predictability. Predictability recognises that users of financial statements are very interested the future performance of an entity. The core of this question was about how historical information can be presented, such that it enhances the predictive value of financial statements.  © 2011 ACCA 6 THE NEED FOR AND AN UNDERSTANDING OF A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OCTOBER 2011 From memory I would say that this (section) question had the highest number of candidates that did not give any answer; and of those that did, very few scored more than half of the available marks. Part (a) was followed by a section on continuing and discontinued operations, and a calculation of diluted earnings per share. If these topics had been mentioned in Part (a) alone, it would have gained two of the six marks available. Conclusion Simply look out for more of this type of question – it is an important area and should not be neglected. Steve Scott is examiner for Paper F7  © 2011 ACCA How to cite Conceptual Framework, Essay examples

Leadership and Governance Goals of the Organization

Question: Describe about the Leadership and Governance for Goals of the Organization. Answer: Leadership can be defined as the ability to lead a group of people in achieving specific objectives or mission. It involves determining a clear vision for the group, sharing such vision with others to allow them to follow willingly. It also involves providing vital information to your team with the aim of making them know more about what the organization wants to achieve and why. A leader would have the responsibility of coordinating and also balancing various conflicts of interests that might arise in an organization among stakeholders. A leader should have the ability to be courageous enough to step in at the time of crisis and help the team to get out of the difficult situation creatively. Leadership can also be said to be the act or ability to inspire subordinate staffs to perform or engage in achieving the goals of the organization with ease. Leadership involves developing and implementing the strategic plan as well as policies and accountability (Elloker, Olckers, Gilson and Lehmann 2012, p.161). Good leadership also involves the ability to face numerous challenges and get the organization out of worst situations. It should be practical for all level of organization management. In leadership, there are about ten models that act as a practical tool that can develop a persons leadership skills. These models explains what leaders should do not only to bring good leadership skills in the organization but also to develop themselves as leaders the world might want to see. The first model talks about a situational leadership. It is where the leader has to adapt the situation and making the leadership style to fit the current developmental needs of the organization (Galpin and Whittington 2012). It means a leader should be flexible and change with the changes presented by the external and internal environment. A rigid leader might find some situations difficult to deal with. Situational leadership ideas were developed by Ken Blanchard together with his partner Paul Hersey. The notion and objective of this type of leadership was to make leaders be all rounded individuals who can deal with day to day situations in organization. The second model is the servant leadership model. This is a leadership model developed by Robert K.Greenleaf (Erakovic and Jackson 2012, p.70). This model states that a good leader is one who does not focus on himself but more on the people under them. Leaders should be the servant of the people to who he or she represents. Being a servant here means working hand in hand with your people and mostly going out of your self-interest to make sure that the people you lead are safe and satisfied. This would encourage working together for a common good. It also means that people would be more cooperating as the leader does it by example. The third model is the Black and Mouton leadership grid. This asserts that a leader should have the ability to balance his or her concern for the subordinates and the concern of making things done. There are some leaders who are not concern of making things done but are concern by the people they are leading. This should not be the case. Tasks must be done as stated and the concern of people is also important because they are the ones that make things done. At times employees may not feel like doing the tasks assigned to them due to small conflicts (Kickbusch and Gleicher 2012). A good leader as much as he or she would be concerned with the conflict and might wants it resolve, he or she must ensure that the task at hand is as well handled. Consequently, another skill that leaders should possess is the emotional intelligence. A leader must understand the people he or she is leading and never loss he or her cool easily in front of the people he or she leads. In addition, there is the diamond model of leadership. It describes four elements of leaders as the leader, others, the task as well as the organization. These levels must be made to work together to help one another in achieving their goals (Sotarauta, Horlings and Liddle 2012). Leaders direct and influence others towards carrying out specific tasks in the organization in order to achieve a given goal. This means that the organization must also present an environment that supports employees in achieving these goals. It is upon the leaders to ensure that the organization has the required resources that would be of help to employees to carry out the assigned tasks. Another model is the authentic model. This model requires leaders to find out who they are so as to lead in a manner that is true to them. They need to know themselves in terms of their beliefs, what they are good at and how they treat people who are different from them. Last is the grow model. It is an abbreviation of goal, reality, obstacles, options and ways as well as will (Bouteligier 2012). This means that a leader must know their goals in terms of what they want to achieve as leaders. In addition, they must lead by reality in that what they want must be practicable. Also, they need to know the obstacles that might make them not to achieve their goals and how to overcome them. This means they have to have alternative ways of achieving their objectives. Moreover, leaders must portray a will to do the tasks. That is they must be willing and ready to tackle challenges and come up with desired results. On the other hand, governance is defined as all the processes of governing an institution or organization. It is the various ways in which norms, rules as well as actions of people in an organization is structured, regulated and also held accountable for their actions in the organization in question (Helms 2012). The level of formality of governance depends on the internal rules set up by the stakeholders of the organization. It also depends on the external relationship an organization has with its business partners. It is therefore true to say that governance would take various forms that are driven by various motivational factors and some other different results. In other circumstances, some various external individuals and factors that do not have a direct decision-making authority in an organization can influence its activities and governance. These groups may include politicians, media as well as lobbies. The notion of leadership and governance covers policies and plans, strategic direction, regulation, effective oversight, motivation as well as partnership with other organizations. Governance is viewed as an outstanding theme in the development of organization agendas. Leadership and governance help in building a system that ensures that strategic policies and framework exists in an organization (Smith, Anell, Busse, Crivelli, Healy, Lindahl,Westert and Kene 2012, p.38). It also ensure that strategic policies and framework are combined with the necessary oversight, regulation, attention as well as a system design that encourages accountability in an organization. The need for accountability is as a result of growing demand for funds to build organization systems that are sustainable. One must demonstrate results and account for every fund used in the organization. Accountability can, therefore, be said to be an intrinsic feature of governance and is concerned with the management of r elationships with different stakeholders of the organization such as government, employees and other business partners. Accountability involves activities such as delegation of duties and understanding on how services and other activities are carried out. It also involves financing to ensure that there are enough resources for organization to carry out its activities without difficulties. In addition, it also includes good use of organizations data and relevant information. Governance connects with factors that surround accountability. This paper will focus on leadership and governance in the health sector. In the health sector, good governance and leadership is characterised by directing health system and resources competently, monitoring o performance, as well as engaging stakeholders participation in formulation of strategic plans that would be applied to save millions of lives in our communities. All these should be done in a way that is open, transparent equitable, accountable as well as responsive to the needs of patients (Schirm 2012, p.215). Good governance involves effective policy making, open information sharing among stakeholders, transparent rules as well as an active participation of all the stakeholders. There are two ways of measuring governance. These are rule-based and outcome-based indicators. Rule-based indicator is used to determine whether an organization have appropriate strategies, policies, as well as codified approaches for the system governance. In the health sector, the rule-based indicator might include availability of essential medications or a national policy in malaria control. Rule-based indicators also include the ownership arrangements, responsibilities of each stakeholder among others. On contrary, outcome-based indicators are used to assess whether rules and procedures formulated are being implemented as required as far as the experience of stakeholders is concerned. In measuring governance, the focus should be on the usefulness or the relevance of such indicator. While leadership is about directing people and governance about rules, policies and structure of an organization, these two must be combined together to achieve the goals of the organization. The leadership would ensure that the rules and policies spelled out in the governance style are implemented by mobilizing people and directing them in a way that conforms to the governance style of the organization. A leader must know the governing policies of the organization he leads and how to implement these policies as well as governance framework. Leadership and governance in health care Good governance and leadership have been found to lead to a better healthcare system. This happens through the expansion of resources like mobilizing funds. This can be done by leaders who have the ability to bring community members together to help in building potential capital that is necessary to secure the key resources (Ball and Junemann 2012). Through good leadership and governance, an organization can build trust on people and make people have confidence in it. This is only possible through accountability, honesty and transparency in dealing with resources provided by the community for the purposes of promoting healthcare services. It would also ensure that the plans and performance of health organizations meets the needs of the people of that organization. Leadership and governance also increases transparency and accountability such as in monitoring of resources. This is possible through the provision of an oversight and reporting plans that focuses on the use of resources as well as the performance of the organization (Eismann 2012). The leadership in the organization can create a culture of willingness and openness for all the stakeholders to be held accountable to the citizens and the beneficiaries that the resources and the services they are providing are used well. Governance defines a clear as well as comprehensive job description and therefore guides leaders on the roles each member of the organization should play as far as achieving the goals concerned. Governance also provide rules and policies that they needs in ensuring the collaboration of managers, staff and other stakeholders of the organization, for the objectives of the organization to be met with ease without hiccups. Governance being the structure of the leadership in an organization also makes every leader in the organization to commit to the continuous improvement of the strategies and decision-making in the organization (Senkubuge and Mayosi 2012). This also ensures that all activities of the organization conform to the mission and goals of the organization. There are five principles of governance that is common in most of the organizations. These five can be discussed as below. First, leadership is part and parcel of governance. Effective leadership in s necessary in the implementation of good policy, rules and framework needed for the company strategic plans to succeed (Glickman, Gordon and Ross-Gordon 2012). It is the leadership that ensures that good governing policy exists in the organization and hence steer the company in the right direction to meet its purposes as far as business is concerned. Second principle of good governance is the capability. This refers to a mixture of skills in the management of company resources. Leaders should have the capability and the experience to discharge their duties and responsibility effectively. It is the capable leaders who would ensure that the organization he or she leads have the policy and rules promoting good governance. this includes promotion of professional conduct of the employees, ensuring that the organization adheres to ethical standards as required by the society and the government. Third is accountability (Mller?Seitz 2012). Good leadership and governance cannot go without proper rules concerning accountability. It involves transparency in dealing with shareholders and other stakeholders and makes them understand how the company spends its resources as well as how they are achieving their business purposes. This can be done regularly or as the needs might arise. Further, another principle of good governance is the sustainability. Good leadership should provide sustainable policies and framework that would guide the organization in value creation and sustainable reinvestment that would make sure that the organization does not only achieves its short term goals but also long terms goals. Fifth is the principle of integrity. The leaders should ensure that the organization is conducting its business in a fair and transparent way that is by the laws of the countries and ethical standards. This can be done by creating policies and governing rules that ensures that everyone in the organization operates under the said policies without a breach of any rule. There are a lot of advantage that comes with operating within the rules that are in accordance with the law such as avoiding the cost of litigations and loss of customers. However, the good governance must be initiated and integrated with good leadership for it to benefit the organization. A leader will ensure that the said policies and governing rules are implemented by each and everyone in the organization. Governance in an organization works to ensure that leadership is on the right track. Governance provides mechanisms of accountability. Leadership and the entire team of the organization are supported by the strategic and oversight authority of the company that gives them the information to keep them on the right track at all the times. In other words, governance acts as the inner ear of an organization (Groysberg and Slind 2012, p.77). It is not visible but vital in the leadership of an organization. It is the structure and culture that leadership of the organization operates in to ensure that the organization has the right reputation as far as its business is concerned. When there is no proper governance, then the organization would lack guidance and oversight and thus no good leadership can make it operate better. Lack of oversight can bring problems to organizations such as accounting, regulatory and compliance issues. Without proper governance, the leadership of the organization receive the support they might need to makes the organization grow and develop as required. In conclusion, leadership and governance are said to be working hand in hand in ensuring that the objectives of the organization are achieved. Governance cannot be seen or easily identified as compared to leadership but it is the most essential part of the organization management (Afegbua and Adejuwon 2012, p.141). It provides leaders with guidance or a format to use as guiding principles that ensures that they are on the right track. It means that governance gives an organization some platform to guide the employees and everyone in the organization towards achieving what the organization would like to. It acts as the inner ear of the organization. Reference list Afegbua, S.I. and Adejuwon, K.D., 2012. The challenges of leadership and governance in Africa. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 2(9), p.141. Ball, S.J. and Junemann, C., 2012. Networks, new governance and education. Policy Press. Bouteligier, S., 2012. Cities, networks, and global environmental governance: spaces of innovation, places of leadership (Vol. 1). Routledge. Elloker, S., Olckers, P., Gilson, L. and Lehmann, U., 2012. Crises, routines and innovations: the complexities and possibilities of sub-district management: leadership and governance. South African Health Review, pp.161-173. Eismann, M.T., 2012, April. Hyperspectral remote sensing. Bellingham: SPIE. Erakovic, L. and Jackson, B., 2012. Promoting leadership in governance and governance in leadership: Towards a supportive research agenda. In Understanding organizations in complex, emergent and uncertain environments (pp. 68-83). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Emerson, K., Nabatchi, T. and Balogh, S., 2012. An integrative framework for collaborative governance. Journal of public administration research and theory, 22(1), pp.1-29. Galpin, T. and Lee Whittington, J., 2012. Sustainability leadership: From strategy to results. Journal of Business Strategy, 33(4), pp.40-48. Glickman, C.D., Gordon, S.P. and Ross-Gordon, J.M., 2012. The basic guide to supervision and instructional leadership. Pearson Higher Ed. Groysberg, B. and Slind, M., 2012. Leadership is a conversation. Harvard business review, 90(6), pp.76-84. Helms, L. ed., 2012. Poor leadership and bad governance: reassessing presidents and prime ministers in North America, Europe and Japan. Edward Elgar Publishing. Kickbusch, I. and Gleicher, D., 2012. Governance for health in the 21st century. Geneva, Low, K.C.P., Ang, S.L. and Ang, Y.S., 2012. Lessons on leadership, good governance and social responsibility, the confucius perspective [Special issue]. International Journal of Business Governance and Ethics (IJBGE). Mller?Seitz, G., 2012. Leadership in interorganizational networks: a literature review and suggestions for future research. International Journal of Management Reviews, 14(4), pp.428-443. Sotarauta, M., Horlings, I. and Liddle, J. eds., 2012. Leadership and change in sustainable regional development. Routledge.Switzerland: World Health Organization. Smith, P.C., Anell, A., Busse, R., Crivelli, L., Healy, J., Lindahl, A.K., Westert, G. and Kene, T., 2012. Leadership and governance in seven developed health systems. Health policy, 106(1), pp.37-49. Senkubuge, F. and Mayosi, B.M., 2012. The state of the National Health Research system in South Africa: leadership and governance. Schirm, S.A., 2012. Leaders in need of followers: Emerging powers in global governance. In Power in the 21st Century (pp. 211-236). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

10 Useful Apps You’re Not Using That You Need to Download

10 Useful Apps You’re Not Using That You Need to Download You’re already tethered to your smartphone, why not start making the best of it? You might think you know everything there is to know about your phone, and possibly that it knows everything it needs to know about you, but there are still plenty of ways it can surprise you- and even help to make your work and play run that much more smoothly. Here are a few amazing apps you may have overlooked. Check out some of these hidden gems to unlock even more potential in your person-to-smartphone relationship.1. ClipsFree! Like the idea of Snapchat sometimes, but can’t commit? Apple’s Clips lets you shoot still and video shots with wacky filters. Add in Live Titles, which are subtitles you create simply by speaking, and you’re in business. It’s Snapchat for grown-ups and the terminally ironic.2. ProshotWant to improve your photography skills? No matter your skill level, this app can help you unlock advanced features in your device to help you take higher qual ity photos with better focus and light.3. GoodlookNever know what to wear? Keep up with the trends with daily looks and useful fashion and beauty tips. Figure out what to shop for and how to combine the clothing you already have to stay on trend.4. Remote MouseTurn your phone into a remote for your computer. Say your keyboard is low on battery, but you want to watch a movie or give a presentation? No problem!5. App DetoxWe all have that app- or those 10  apps- that eat up all of our time. Android users, you’re in luck. This app helps you distance yourself from your smart phone by blocking access to certain apps for a time period of your choosing. Very useful when you need to study or work and can’t be checking Twitter every five minutes.6. Moleskine TimepageLove having everything on your device, but miss the stylish days of your old Moleskine planner? Now you can have it all. A smart calendar/planner that is as stylish as it is functional and sexier than its counterp arts. Works with existing calendars like iCloud, Facebook, and Google.7. Just Press RecordNot impressed with Voice Memos anymore? Try this one-tap recording app that works across Apple products and even boasts built-in transcription for note taking- in multiple languages. You can even search your recordings for specific terms. You’re welcome.8. PatronusA personal security app named after a spell in Harry Potter? Yes please. With mobile 911 service (much more accurate than cell tower locations!) and location sharing, plus an â€Å"On My Way† feature that lets you share your location, destination, and progress with your contacts. It takes a village!9. SignalMove to fully encrypted communication in this scary world. WhatsApp is a bit behind the ball on this, so go straight to the source with Signal. It’s free all-in-one messaging with voice call functionality. You can even send media with the same protections. This one is very easy to use and is open source.10. Cla p! Phone FinderLose your phone a lot, only to find it by your toaster where you left it? This combines the find-your-phone technology with the old clap-on-clap-off satisfaction. Simply clap your hands to activate your phone to produce a customizable sound. Bonus? This app consumes very low amounts of battery power, so it won’t drain you while it runs.

Breakfast Club Essays

Breakfast Club Essays Breakfast Club Essay Breakfast Club Essay Breakfast Club In The Breakfast Club five different personalities, each safe in their identity and yet filled with insecurities, spend a lazy Saturday confined to detention at Shermer High School in Shermer, Illinois, for a variety of school violations. Throughout the movie your introduced to a variety of different characters such as the princess, the jock, the brain, the rebel, and the freak. Mr. Vernon, the teacher in charge of the students, unwittingly assigns an essay with the subject who am I. As the movie goes on the students begin to rebel more and more against Mr. Vernon. Yet each character has a troubled life as foreshadowed by their very presence in detention and show the different personalities each have. John Bender, the criminal, is the main character in the movie and functions as the catalyst or the instigator. To me he seems to be characterized under the Psychoanalytic theory that Freud started. One by one, he shocks and exposes each students insecurities, which would be an example of the pleasure principal. John is subjected to severe mental and physical abuse at home. His father hammers him with vulgar names and brands his forearm with a lit cigar for spilling paint school, movie, life, under, out, others, each, detention, character, yet, students, seems, personalities, one, mr, freak, first, everyone, different, because, vernon, variety, think, theory, shermer, rebel, princess, parents, outlook, next, john, introvert, insecurities, home, goes, friends, five, finds, criminal, clearly, characterized, categorized, better, attention, yells, years, with, who?s, vulgar, violations

King's Assignment # 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

King's Assignment # 4 - Essay Example A good citizen should feel a sense of security and satisfaction because of patrol. Non-criminal services should also be provided. Traffic control and serving as a means of finding solutions for community problems also contribute to the goals. The police patrol operation is considered to be proactive rather than reactive, the difference being that the police should be able to identify risks and formulate contingency plans rather than taking action after the risk has occurred. For this, awareness of what, how and by whom something happens in an assigned zone is required. The advanced technologies like wireless radio have made the patrol operations to be reactive. It is also important that the attention and response required out of the police in different situations are different. Some do not require immediate attention while in some cases the response times are critical. To address this issue, the DPR – Differential Police Response is used. This helped in cost reduction and performance improvement. The Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment has found out that random patrols do not have any effect on the crime rates or the citizen satisfaction. As a result, the police have changed their tactics to classifying regions as ‘hot spots’ of crime. These areas can be identifies using analysis of recorded data from previous cases. This achieved the goal of making patrols proactive. The investigation part involves the detective work. The automated finger print identification system and DNA are major breakthroughs that help the police detectives in successfully identifying the culprit. The police detective may work in intelligence data gathering or as an undercover. Police behaviors may be analyzed from different perspectives. Psychological, sociological and organizational perspectives come under universalistic perspective. Particularistic perspective includes the human nature, the individual view about various formalities and so

Mass Strikes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Mass Strikes - Essay Example In this paper, the writer addresses several issues relating to Workmates 2011. It discusses how and why the 1990s London tube workers organized themselves against threatened privatization, and increasing precarity. It further discusses why the workers’ preferred using outside contractors at the expense unions. As part of this paper, the reasons for the growing ineffectiveness of the workers’ unions, the reasons of organizing outside them, and the new strategies the organizations have developed to address decrease in union power are also discussed in the paper. Introduction The decreasing power of track maintenance workers’ union of London in 1990s, threatened it being outsourced to a private contractor under Public-Private Partnership (PPP) scheme (Ellman, 2010 p7). This new strategy was introduced to cut production cost, by introducing competitive tendering by private contractors to perform the work, which was earlier done by the firms themselves. In addition, i t was focused to replace relative job security with insecure and temporary employment that was widespread under â€Å"flexible labor market†, and undercut terms and conditions of London Underground staff (Gall, 2003 p79). The 1990s London Underground workers were organized under Rail, Maritime and Transport Union (RMT). Casual staff and third-party contractors were, however, typically not unionized. Private contractors such as RMT, anarchist, and Andy began to use anarcho-syndicalist tactics like on-the-job direct and mass meeting actions to counteract divisions between non-union and union workers, and build resistance to the increasing outsourcing and privatization on the London Underground (McIlroy, 1995 p97). This tactic was mainly focused to divide and rule workforce. Divide and rule of the workforce led to the formation of Workmates collective in late 1998 and early 1999. The first Workplace group was established in London maintenance depot. Policies of the Workplace gro up allowed all workers to join this group no matter of their union membership. It also set to organize meetings on shop floors, with the workers themselves as the members (Solidarity Federation, 2011 p4). The workmate collective took effect with a delegate council structure, which was set to function for 18 months. Within a period of 18 months, which ran up to mid-2000, members of the workmate collective organized several mass strikes, of which several ones were successful, and this created staff turnover. However, shop meetings were continued, and any worker was allowed to join this group despite of her or his union organization (Solidarity Federation, 2011 p4). Threatened Privatization London Underground drafted and introduced its â€Å"Company Plan† in the early 1990s. This plan was intended to bring a number of changes such as changing industrial relations structures, getting rid of some established perks, and reviewing worker’s terms and conditions (Eur, 2002 p608 ). Additionally, the plan brought recruitment of new workers into stop, since new staff requirements were brought in as outsourced contractors. The new policies were focused on incorporating private sector norms into the firm, so that they would become more attractive to private capital (Eur, 2002 p610). Workers union such as RMT strongly opposed the new Company plan, but they

Interactive marketing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Interactive marketing - Case Study Example Consequently the rapidly growing division in the insurance business is the incorporation of wide-ranging business processes, for instance underwriting policies, executing policy controller services, and reporting argues into workflow structures. Sensitive industry antagonism, augmented customer hopes and requirements for larger effectiveness are chief drivers shoving the insurance business to reassess its tactics and to adjust its long-established in use processes. Insurance organisations, such as ABC Insurance, should gather the advantages of modernised Web-based flow mechanisation, lessening expenses of operations and cutting decision making time. By employing online automation, ABC can divest the vastness of this practice and enhance profits by giving end users direct access to their records online instantaneously and letting them to deal their own service requests, ask for an excerpt and even join and download a policy (Liang, 2000). Sharing and swap of confidential information between numerous public and corporations need by insurance industries. The test is how to achieve this harmlessly and cost effectively while promising customer trustworthiness and keeping high levels of customer satisfaction. Likewise it is essential to certify that only authorised staff can access restricted consumer statistics or supervise claim records in line with the Privacy laws. ABC insurance should bring variations to the marketplaces that permit representatives and customers to directly conduct the dealing of insurance. This process can be considered a great innovation by handing over not only information access but also operational transactions to the end user. The revolution will have the following impact on the insurance industry (Cockburn, 2001): Upgrading level of service to clients, Noteworthy cost reduction Versatile flexible, groups and products presented, Updated procedural effectiveness Better control of technology. 2. Outline of the analysis with reasons of the selections The link between Knowledge Management and Marketing Strategy (Smith, 2004) is the key to Web-based Insurance Structure of ABC Insurance and will enable this organisation to find gap between knowledge and marketing strategy (Refer figure 1). Figure 1: 2.1 Modernised form of Insurance The function of Internet and associated information technologies is to create and allocate insurance functionalities. In an

AMD And Intel Processor Comparison Information Technology Essay

AMD And Intel Processor Comparison Information Technology Essay AMD processors offer three ranges high end, middle and end basis. There are three processors each category. Category consists of high end AMD Phenom II X6, AMD Phenom X4 and AMD Phenom II x2 II. Phenom II X6 is the first six-core AMD processors are intended for the optimum level of performance and very high. Phenom X4 II is equipped with quad-core Phenom chips and chip-II X6 is specifically designed for the very unusual use of quality multimedia and advanced applications.Phenom X2 II 2 core processor is the capacity to ensure high performance is good overall with a very economical price. Category consists of mid-end AMD Phenom X3 II, II, and AMD Turion AMD Turion Ultra II. II Phenom X3 is a customer of class 3 core processors with 64-bit computing capabilities, designed to provide optimum performance with economy pricing. Both Turions multimedia products designed for the perfect and most of them come with an AMD or ATI graphics, of course, at a very economical price. AMD is the AMD Sempron basis, AMD Athlon and AMD Athlon X2 Neo Neo. Considered best for mobile computing, AMD Sempron is a popular choice for low budget desktop and laptop. The processor is suitable for very basic computing needs such as browsing the Internet, the basic functions of the office and e-mail. Neo Neo Athlon and Athlon X2 comes with a lower processing power and economic strength of customers and most are found in netbook and nettop. Because the integrated ATI graphics, the processor also offers basic feasible multimedia output. Intel Processors Not to be outdone by AMD, Intel is a serious competitor when it comes to Intel and AMD processor comparison. Similar to AMD, Intel also offers a range of three processors the high end, mid end and the base the first category consists of three and the rest consists of two products. High-end consists of the latest series of Intel Core processors i Intel Core i3, i5, and i7. Core and Core i7 i5 comes with 2, 4 or 6 (there is only the Core i7) and the ability of 64-bit processors. Both come with Hyper Threading technology and Turbo Boost. Turbo Boost technology ensures increased overall performance and handling aspect as the number of active cores, power consumption, processor temperature, etc. Core i3 also has this feature, except Turbo Boost technology. Core i5 has a cache memory is lower than the i7. Mid-end range includes Intel Core 2 Duo and Intel Pentium Dual Core processor. The former offers two core processes that improve the gaming and multimedia output. This last is based on Core micro-architecture and a decent multimedia output. Basic Intel processors, including Intel Centrino, Intel Centrino Duo and Intel Atom. >Power Consumption When we look to overall power consumption of a system, Intel definitely suffered the early downfall . Its Pentium 4 processors had a very bad reputation of 150W TDP. Intel tried to solve the problem in its Intel i7 960 processor, which goes to less than 95W TDP. But, experiments have still proved that a machine running on an Intel i7 960 processor consumed, at least 7W more power, than an AMD Sempron . But in today AMD to produce a new product, AMD Phenom X4 II. Product in product far greater to AMD products before, This Power Consumption 125 watt AMD can give than the Intel Core i7 , that only 95 .Its too big different if you compare whether product by AMD and Intel. >Price vs. Performance When it comes to the performance to cost ratio, AMD has definitely been the winner, for a long time. Its processors were cheaper, as compared to Intel and they definitely did provide high value performance. But, with the advent of the Intels Quadcore and Intel Core i7 processor, the situation has totally changed. The performance of a Intel Core i7 processor is, perhaps, the best in the market and its price is continuously falling. >3D Gaming This is basically the feature that had allowed AMD to hold its top position for a long time. Even with no graphics card, AMDs 64 bit processor could take on the load and support the gaming features of advanced games. Intel, however, suffered an initial setback because the multithreading features that it allowed, were not used by many games then. The AMD Phenom II X4 bit could beat the Pentium 4 computers, in almost all respects, when it came to gaming. But, the turnover again, happened with the introduction of the Intel i7 960 processor processors. The scenario changed completely. Besides the equivalent features that these two processors could provide (when compared to the AMD Phenom II X4 ), they also had an added feature of supporting dual video cards. >Graphics The comparison would again be the same, as that of the 3D gaming. AMD is a winner when its processors are compared to Intels previous processors, but AMD Phenom X4 II. processors, with their supreme features, have helped Intel re gain the share of the market that it deserves. >MP3 and Video Encoding AMDs 64 bit processors provided faster encoding of MP3s, as well as videos. The reason is simple a 64 bit processor will, of course, be faster than a 32 bit processor. Intels 32 bit processors had higher clock frequencies, but while the clock frequency of a 64 bit processor could be less, it worked at almost twice the speed than what was mentioned in its manual. This feature was also combated by Intel with its AMD Phenom X4 IIprocessors. If we do not run experiments to test the minutest details, then both the companies can provide good encoding capability for any average user. >Cooling and Productivity Computers working on Intel i7 960 processors definitely have superior cooling features and better heat sinks, when compared to the AMD machines. Not only this, but the Intel i7 960 could reach to a speed of 3.2 GHz on proper cooling. >Office Productivity and Multitasking Finally, we come down to the basic features, that every computer user is worried about the level of office productivity, internet browsing speeds and multitasking that their machines would provide. Just as a 32 bit processor and a 64 bit processor cannot be compared with respect to office productivity; similarly, it is better if we dont compare these processors as well, on the level of their office productivity. You cannot actually notice a spreadsheet launching faster on your screen or your letters being typed faster. Both the organizations are equivalent, when compared on the basis of their office productivity. But, coming down to multitasking, AMD with its 64 bit processors provided better multitasking features and none of the Intels processors, before the launching of the Core 2 Duo processors could match up to it. But with the entry of Intels Core 2 Duo and Quadcore on the scene, we can again consider the situation balanced. Before we end this discussion, let us consider a few more common features that both these processors can handle equivalently. It may not be of much concern to many people, but the processors manufactured by both the organizations support the sharing of the DDR2 RAM, peripherals and the video cards equally well. As a computer user, it is, in fact not necessary, to be a die-hard fan follower of the chips of either organizations. Just wait for the more advanced chip to be launched; it may be from any organization, but you will definitely be the one to benefit. Which is Better AMD or Intel for Gaming? For gaming , what matters the most is how big is the graphic card or the video card. It would be interesting to know that AMD produces their processors keeping the ATI graphic cards in mind, whereas Intel makes their laptops to run better with Nvidia graphic cards. Quite surprisingly, it was found that AMD machines had exceptional quality graphics as compared to Intels. Hence, if you are a hardcore gamer or like to watch everything in HD, then it is better to bet on an AMD processor laptop. Hence, AMD can be a clear winner between AMD vs Intel for gaming. We cannot neglect the reputation of Intel at the same time for producing some amazing processors time and time again. Again, Intel has lately stormed the market with their phenomenal Core i series, which are truly amazing for their overall performance. I would say, analyze as per your usage and then decide upon which is better, AMD or Intel. If you want your computer for multimedia use like for gaming, music or video editing, etc., and want a gaming laptop, then I would suggest to get an AMD powered machine. On the other hand, if you dont mind spending more on a computer for its overall performance and the efficient battery consumption, then nothing can be better than Intel. It can be analyzed that, with AMD processors, you are able to get 90% of overall satisfaction with 60% of price. Whereas, with Intel based machines you can get over 98% or more of overall satisfaction with equal percentage of price. AMD vs Intel Processor Comparison Chart User Requirement AMD Intel Power Consumption Less efficient than Intel More efficient than AMD Price Range Lower Higher Cooling Factor Heats up faster Runs cooler for a longer duration Performance Speed Not very Fast, compared to Intel Faster than AMD Gaming and Multimedia Better multimedia output due to faster clocking Not very good for gaming Performance:Price High:Low High:High (Specifications)>Example AMD Intel Product AMD Phenom II X4 Intel Core i7 Model Number 965 I7-880 Cpu Part Number HDX965FBK4DGM BV80605002505AG Core Number Deneb 4MB shared L3 cache 2.4GHz Intel Core 2 Duo 1066MHz frontside bus 3MB shared L2 cache Socket Socket AM2+ / Socket AM3 Socket 1156 Frequency (MHz) 3400 3067 Clock Multiplier 17 23 L1 cache 256 KB (code) / 256 KB (data) 128 KB (code) / 128 KB (data) L2 cache (KB) 2048 1024 L3 cache (KB) 6144 8922 Max temperature (ÃÆ' ¯Ã‚ ¾Ã‚ °C) 62 TDP (Watt) 125 95 >Conclusion Finally, we look at to the basic features, that every computer user is worried about the level of office productivity, internet browsing speeds and multitasking that their machines would provide. Just as a 32 bit processor and a 64 bit processor cannot be compared with respect to office productivity, Similarly, it is better if we dont compare these processors as well, on the level of their office productivity. But, in this multitasking sides , AMD Phenom II X4 with its 64 bit processors provided better multitasking features and none of the Intels processors, Before we end this discussion, let us consider a few more common features that both these processors can handle equivalently. It may not be of much concern to many people, but the processors manufactured by both the organizations support the sharing of the DDR2 RAM, peripherals and the video cards equally well. As a computer user, it is, not necessary, to be a fan follower of the chips of either organizations. Just wait for the more advanced chip to be launched; it may be from any organization, but you will definitely be the one to benefit. Back to Top Copyright Hanif Aini2011 ©

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) :: Psychology Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Introduction Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which is often referred to as childhood hyperactivity, is a severe and chronic disorder for children. It is one of the most prevalent childhood disorders, and affects 3% to 5% of the school-age population. Boys outnumber girls three or more to one. Children with ADHD can experience many behavioral difficulties that often manifest in the form of inattention, being easily distracted, being impulsive, and hyperactivity. As a result, children with ADHD may develop emotional, social, developmental, academic, and family problems because of the frustrations and problems they are constantly experiencing. Families who have children with ADHD often experience much higher anxiety and stress levels. A large number of children, almost half, will exhibit signs of ADHD by the age of four. However, most children are not diagnosed until he or she reaches elementary school. The behaviors that are associated with ADHD in children put them at risk for a host of other problems and complications such as completing their education, alcohol and other drug abuse, and an increased risk for delinquency. There has been much research on ADHD in recent years and many different types of medications and interventions have proven to be quite helpful. With the proper diagnosis and treatment, children with ADHD can learn to cope with the daily demands of the classroom, social situations, family interactions, and life in general. Therefore, it is imperative that teachers, administrators, and school counselors become familiar with the characteristics of children with ADHD. It is also vital that they know how to properly assess for diagnosing ADHD, and that they learn the intervention strategies for children, along with their families. The child needs to have a ?team? of caring individuals working with them to help them overcome and deal with the ?hurdles? that living with ADHD can bring. This paper will address four key areas of ADHD. They include: The causes of ADHD, the characteristics of ADHD, classroom intervention, and parental intervention. We will also discuss key medications that are being used to treat ADHD. Causes of ADHD When parents are told that their child has ADHD, it is only natural that their first response is to want to know what caused this disorder. Unfortunately, there is no simple answer. For years researchers have been trying to find the underlying cause of ADHD, but have yet to come up with a definitive explanation. Although there are several theories to try to explain the causes of ADHD, most experts agree that it is most likely not any single cause, but instead a combination of factors that causes ADHD.